INDUSTRIAL ROBOT COMPONENTS, CONFIGURATIONS & APPLICATIONS

INDUSTRIAL ROBOT

Definitions:-

            According to RIA (Robotic Industrial Association)defined as “An industrial robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools or special devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a verity of tasks”.

BASIC COMPONENTS OF ROBOT

Following are the basic components of any robot-

1. Manipulator2.End Effector3. Actuator4.Sensor5.Controller

1.     Manipulator:-

           It is the main body of the robot, consist of arm that moves about and perform the task. The task may be moving the tools, materials etc.

2.     End Effector:-

           As per its name it suggested end arm of robot & it generally referred as the Robot’s hand. It is designed to perform the task like grasping, lifting etc.

3.     Actuator:-

          These are used to drive the manipulator, and it is powered by hydraulic or pneumatic pressure or electricity. For example, servomotor, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder etc.

4.     Sensors:-

          They convert one form of energy into another for useful purpose. They perform two major tasks. One is to collect information about the different links, arms with their status and other one is to inform controller about outside environment. Light sensor, touch sensor etc.

5.     Controller:-

      Every robot is controlled by controller which co-ordinates the movements of arm. The controller receives the input data from the computer, and controls the actuator motion.

ROBOT CONFIGURATION

         The robots are mostly divided into four basic major configuration which is based on movements of joints and links arrangement.

1. Cartesian Co-ordinate.2. Cylindrical Configuration.3. Spherical Configuration.4. Articulated Configuration.

        We see one-by-one in details-

1.     Cartesian Co-ordinate:-

          Above fig show that “Cartesian Co-ordinate”. It is also called as rectangular robot. It is the simple configuration among the all with three prismatic joints. These joints allow only linear motions along their principal axes i. e x, y, z. So it is also called xyz robot. Major application of these robot include pick & place the object, material handling, loading & unloading etc.

2.     Cylindrical Configurations:-

           Above figure show that “Cylindrical Configurations” It consist of two prismatic joints perpendicular to each other and one revolute joint mounted on a rotary axis. The difference between Cartesian configuration is on prismatic joint is replace by revolute joint otherwise the function is same. It also called as the RPP configuration.

3.     Spherical Configuration:-

            Above figure show that “Spherical Robot Configuration”. It has two prismatic joint and two revolute joints for positioning the parts. The first rotary movement occurs about a vertical base, axis, while the second rotary movements is of pivot point about a horizontal axis. The prismatic joint moves the wrist radially in and out. This configuration allow the robot to operate in a spherical work volume. It provides large work envelope than above two configurations.

       

4.     Articulated Configuration:-

           Above figure show that “Articulated Robot Configuration” When an arm rotates about all three major axes (i.e x, y, z), the resulted configuration is Articulated configuration. It is also called as jointed arm configuration. The arm of this configuration looks like a human arm. It has two rotary joints, shoulder and elbow about their respective horizontal axis. The third rotary joint is about vertical base axis. It is also called as RRR configurations.

APPLICATIONS OF ROBOT IN INDUSTRY

Following are the basic applications of robot in Industry-

     1.     Spot Welding.
2.     Material Handling.
3.     Loading and Unloading.
4.     Assembly Operations.
5.     Inspection and Testing.
6.     Spray Painting.
7.     Other Machining Operations etc.

       

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